Winter Season 1956/1957


Snowfall Totals
City Station December January February March Season Total
Boston KBOS 15.4 20.6 2.8 11.5 50.3
New York City KNYC 0.9 8.9 7.0 2.6 19.4
Philadelphia KPHL 0.2 4.7 1.8 1.2 7.9
Baltimore KBWI 0.2 10.7 2.7 1.4 15.0
Washington, D.C. KDCA 0.2 10.1 1.6 2.2 14.1
Richmond KRIC 0.0 5.8 0.7 0.0 6.5


Daily, Monthly and Seasonal Teleconnection Patterns

NAO PNA AO

ENSO


Monthly Index Values(HADISST)
Month Nino 1+2 Nino 3 Nino 3.4 Nino 4
December -1.05 -0.80 -0.58 -0.47
January -1.31 -0.87 -0.56 -0.21
February 0.16 -0.31 -0.24 0.02
March 1.34 0.23 0.08 -0.03
HADISST values removed 1981-2010 base period


Monthly Index Values(ERSST.v5)
Month Nino 1+2 Nino 3 Nino 3.4 Nino 4
December -1.39 -1.18 -0.85 -0.55
January -1.64 -0.73 -0.51 -0.53
February 0.15 -0.20 -0.21 -0.37
March 0.85 0.31 0.22 -0.33
**ERSST.v5 values using 1981-2010 base periods**


Historic Nino 3.4/Oceanic-Nino Index Values(ERSST.v5)
Month Nino 3.4 3-Month Period ONI
December -0.47/td> Nov/Dec/Jan -0.43
January -0.29 Dec/Jan/Feb -0.25
February 0.02 Jan/Feb/Mar 0.06
March 0.45
**Anomalies calculated using 30-year climatological values, updated every five years. The updating of base periods removes observed warming trend in Nino 3.4 region. Anomalies generated from CPC**


Multivariate/Bivariate ENSO Indexes
Month MEI Month BEST
Dec/Jan -0.915 December -0.70
Jan/Feb -0.348 January -0.44
Feb/Mar 0.108 February 0.04
March 0.24



SOI

Monthly SOI Index
December January February March
10.3 5.6 -2.2 -0.9



PDO

Monthly Index Values
NOAA-NCEI UW-JISAO JMA-TCC
December -1.27 -1.28 -1.14
January -1.31 -1.82 -1.38
February -1.57 -0.68 -1.47
March -0.83 0.03 -0.85


ENSO/PDO Region Sea Surface Temperature Anomalies



United States Temperature and Precipitation Anomalies

Monthly Temperature
Monthly Precipitation


Northern Hemisphere 500mb Height Anomalies