Winter Season 1977/1978

Snowfall Totals
City	Station	December	January	February	March	Season Total
Boston	KBOS	5.2	35.9	27.2	16.1	84.4
New York City	KNYC	0.4	20.3	23.0	6.8	50.5
Philadelphia	KPHL	0.2	23.4	19.0	12.1	54.7
Baltimore	KBWI	0.5	12.4	12.3	8.5	33.7
Washington, D.C.	KDCA	0.2	10.3	3.8	8.3	22.6
Richmond	KRIC	0.0	1.3	5.1	5.0	11.4

Daily, Monthly and Seasonal Teleconnection Patterns

NAO	PNA	AO

ENSO

Monthly Index Values(HADISST)
Month	Nino 1+2	Nino 3	Nino 3.4	Nino 4
December	-0.56	0.53	1.09	0.73
January	-0.07	0.44	0.72	0.48
February	-0.35	0.23	0.51	0.38
March	-0.77	-0.14	0.06	0.03
HADISST values removed 1981-2010 base period

Monthly Index Values(ERSST.v5)
Month	Nino 1+2	Nino 3	Nino 3.4	Nino 4
December	-0.62	0.28	0.73	0.51
January	-0.39	0.13	0.61	0.48
February	-0.32	0.00	0.26	0.29
March	-1.14	-0.41	-0.15	-0.02
ERSST.v5 values using 1981-2010 base periods

Historic Nino 3.4/Oceanic-Nino Index Values(ERSST.v5)
Month	Nino 3.4	3-Month Period	ONI
December	0.86	Nov/Dec/Jan	0.79
January	0.78	Dec/Jan/Feb	0.69
February	0.42	Jan/Feb/Mar	0.42
March	0.06
Anomalies calculated using 30-year climatological values, updated every five years. The updating of base periods removes observed warming trend in Nino 3.4 region. Anomalies generated from CPC

Multivariate/Bivariate ENSO Indexes
Month	MEI	Month	BEST
Dec/Jan	0.777	December	1.18
Jan/Feb	0.912	January	0.63
Feb/Mar	0.935	February	1.64
		March	0.40

SOI

Monthly SOI Index
December	January	February	March
-10.6	-3.0	-24.4	-5.8

PDO

Monthly Index Values
	NOAA-NCEI	UW-JISAO	JMA-TCC
December	-0.06	-0.69	0.0126
January	0.58	0.34	0.6496
February	0.78	1.45	0.9903
March	1.13	1.34	1.3242

MJO Phases

ENSO/PDO Region Sea Surface Temperature Anomalies

United States Temperature and Precipitation Anomalies

Monthly Temperature

Monthly Precipitation

Northern Hemisphere 500mb Height Anomalies