Winter Season 1978/1979


Snowfall Totals
City Station December January February March Season Total
Boston KBOS 5.8 10.5 6.6 0.0 22.9
New York City KNYC 0.5 6.6 20.1 0.0 27.2
Philadelphia KPHL 0.0 10.1 27.6 0.0 37.7
Baltimore KBWI 0.0 5.7 33.1 0.0 38.8
Washington, D.C. KDCA 0.0 4.0 30.6 0.0 34.6
Richmond KRIC 0.0 0.7 19.5 0.0 20.2


Daily, Monthly and Seasonal Teleconnection Patterns

NAO PNA AO

ENSO


Monthly Index Values(HADISST)
Month Nino 1+2 Nino 3 Nino 3.4 Nino 4
December 0.23 0.26 0.07 -0.10
January 0.23 -0.09 0.05 0.18
February -0.58 -0.20 0.09 0.30
March -0.25 -0.08 0.13 0.22
HADISST values removed 1981-2010 base period


Monthly Index Values(ERSST.v5)
Month Nino 1+2 Nino 3 Nino 3.4 Nino 4
December 0.02 0.04 -0.02 -0.07
January 0.18 -0.33 -0.14 0.12
February -0.50 -0.29 -0.21 -0.01
March -0.51 -0.01 0.03 0.10
**ERSST.v5 values using 1981-2010 base periods**


Historic Nino 3.4/Oceanic-Nino Index Values(ERSST.v5)
Month Nino 3.4 3-Month Period ONI
December 0.11 Nov/Dec/Jan 0.00
January 0.03 Dec/Jan/Feb 0.03
February -0.04 Jan/Feb/Mar 0.07
March 0.23
**Anomalies calculated using 30-year climatological values, updated every five years. The updating of base periods removes observed warming trend in Nino 3.4 region. Anomalies generated from CPC**


Multivariate/Bivariate ENSO Indexes
Month MEI Month BEST
Dec/Jan 0.608 December 0.18
Jan/Feb 0.379 January 0.26
Feb/Mar 0.002 February -0.25
March 0.32


SOI

Monthly SOI Index
December January February March
-0.9 -4.0 6.7 -3.0


PDO

Monthly Index Values
NOAA-NCEI UW-JISAO JMA-TCC
December -0.51 -0.43 -0.4365
January -0.38 -0.58 -0.1725
February -1.29 -1.33 -0.8699
March -0.68 0.30 -0.2864


MJO Phases



ENSO/PDO Region Sea Surface Temperature Anomalies



United States Temperature and Precipitation Anomalies

Monthly Temperature
Monthly Precipitation


Northern Hemisphere 500mb Height Anomalies